![]() A pass system required nonwhites to carry identifying papers or permits. ![]() Group Areas Act of 1950: This law instituted strict racial separation in urban areas, providing zones that members of only one racial group could occupy and limiting the presence of blacks in restricted areas to short time periods.This classification scheme made enforced racial separation possible. Population Registration Act of 1950: Often termed the cornerstone of apartheid, this statute established categories to which people would be assigned: white black or bantu colored, for people of mixed race and later, Indian.Natives Land Act of 1913: Adopted soon after formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, this law outlawed black ownership or leasing of land outside reserves established for blacks.Several key pieces of apartheid-era legislation had established the spatial basis for racial separation: The final reorganization of local government took effect in December 2000, and the new governments now must develop comprehensive property tax (rates) policies. ![]() The government faced the task of extending the property tax to previously untaxed areas and adapting it to provide services through a set of radically restructured local governments. The end of apartheid in South Africa nearly a decade ago presented new opportunities and challenges to every aspect of national life, including fiscal issues. This article provides an overview of seminars on property tax issues conducted by Bell and Bowman in South Africa in March 2002. Edited by Bell and Bowman, the book presents major portions of their own work, together with chapters by several of their colleagues in the U.S. The Lincoln Institute has supported the authors’ work on property taxation in South Africa for several years, and in February 2002 the Institute published Property Taxes in South Africa: Challenges in the Post-Apartheid Era.
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